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Elderberry

Sambucus canadensis

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Category
Tree / Shrub / Vine
Sun
Full to Partial
Soil moisture
Medium-Wet to Medium-Dry
Bloom time
Jun–Aug
Bloom color
White
Notes
Rhizomatous, Dark blue fruit

About Elderberry

Elderberry is a versatile powerhouse that brings both beauty and a bountiful harvest to the native landscape. This multi-stemmed shrub typically reaches heights of 8 to 12 feet, producing massive, flat-topped clusters of fragrant white flowers in early summer (June to August). These blooms eventually give way to heavy clusters of dark purple to black berries that are a favorite for jams, syrups, and wildlife alike. Native across much of eastern North America, it thrives in moist to wet soils and full sun but is remarkably adaptable to average garden conditions. Beyond its ornamental and culinary value, Elderberry is an ecological champion, supporting a wide array of pollinators including native bees and butterflies, while the dense branching provides excellent nesting cover for birds. For best results, plant in a location with plenty of room to spread, as it can form thickets through rhizomatous growth. While it is easy to grow, ensure it has consistent moisture during its first few seasons to establish a robust root system.

Native range

Native to 44 states:

AlabamaArkansasArizonaCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutD.C.DelawareFloridaGeorgiaIowaIllinoisIndianaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMassachusettsMarylandMaineMichiganMinnesotaMissouriMississippiMontanaNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaNebraskaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkOhioOklahomaPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasVirginiaVermontWisconsinWest VirginiaWyoming

County range map

BONAP county-level native range map for Sambucus canadensis

Range map courtesy of BONAP (Biota of North America Program).

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