Speckled Alder

About Speckled Alder

Speckled Alder is a rugged, multi-stemmed shrub or small tree that plays a vital role in wetland ecology and shoreline stabilization. Named for the prominent white horizontal lenticels (speckles) on its dark bark, this fast-growing native typically reaches 15 to 25 feet in height. In early spring, it produces elongated reddish-brown catkins that dangle from the branches before the leaves emerge, providing a subtle but beautiful display. Native to the northern United States and Canada, it is commonly found in swamps, bogs, and along stream banks. As a nitrogen-fixing species, it improves soil quality, making it an excellent choice for land restoration projects. It provides critical habitat and nesting sites for birds, while its seeds are a winter food source for goldfinches and other songbirds. Speckled Alder thrives in full sun to partial shade and requires wet to medium-wet, acidic soils. It is particularly useful for controlling erosion on steep, damp slopes.